What are the SAP Profiles?

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SAP R/3 systems uses  Profiles  to define the properties of an SAP R/3 Instance such as the type and number of work processes, the size of main memory reserved for SAP R/3 and various parameters like multiple logon, idle time out value. 
 3 types of profiles in SAP.

  • DEFAULT.PFL (known as System Profile)
  • Start Profile
  • Instance Profile

START PROFILE :   Unlike default profile, the start profile is specific to an instance. It means if there are 5 application servers each will have one separate start profile with the settings specific to an instance.
The startup process of the SAP system is controlled by the start profile that is read by the start program [sapstart]. Here the services(eg: message, gateway, dialog , batch etc) that are to be started are listed. Hence every instance will have separate start profile.
In other words, the start profile determines how, where and under what name individual SAP R/3 services and processes are to start.
The naming convention of START PROFILE will be as below :
START_<instance><instance_number>_<host_name>
Eg: START_DVEBMGS00_prdserv4
For the start profile default names are assigned during the installation of an instance based on the services that are running on the instance. For example, DVEBMGS in the start profile above confirms that following services are available for that instance.
D – Dialog
V – Update
E – Enqueue
B – Batch
M – Message
G – Gateway
S -  Spool

INSTANCE PROFILE :   Like start profile, Instance profile is specific to an instance. It means if there are 5 application servers each will have one separate start profile with the settings specific to an instance.
 The runtime environment of the instance is configured in the instance profile.  In instance profile parameters specific to an instance can  be set like auto gui logout time(rdisp/gui_auto_logout), number of various workprocesses (rdisp/wp_no_dia),  memory related parameters like abap/buffer_size, em/initial_size_MB, rdisp/PG_SHM, rdisp/ROLL_SHM etc
The naming convention for the instance profile will be as below :
<SID>_<instance><instance_number>_<hostname>
Eg :  SQ1_DVEMBSG00_prdsapk1

During the installation of an SAP R/3 system, the profiles are created with standard values. Later it  is Basis administrator’s responsibility to tune the parameters.
The source code of the SAP Kernel already sets standard default values for most of the system parameters. However, you must specify some specific details like computer name, system name and distribution of resources in the profiles.
The SAP profiles are read during the startup of an instance. The values defined in the system profile (ie. DEFAULT.PFL) overwrite the standard settings in the source code. The values defined in the instance profile overwrites the parameter values of DEFAULT.PFL for the instance.

In case of any changes to System Profile ( DEFAULT.PFL or Default Profile), you must restart all the instances of the SAP system as this is common for all instances.
However in case of any changes to instance profile, it is sufficient to take restart of only that particular instance for the changes to take effect.

Sequence of SAP profiles that are read while starting SAP system :
  • First start profiles of various instances are read by the sapstart program
  • Secondly Default profile is read
  • Finally, instance profiles of various instances are read.

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