Showing posts with label BASIS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label BASIS. Show all posts
what is unicode and non-unicode system in SAP
Unicode : Multi language support
Non Unicode : single language support
Unicode supports all multiple languages like english, chainaa, german,..etc.
Nonunicode :only supports two languages i.e english and german.
After NetWeaver and ECC 5.0 and etc. supports unicode kernel.
Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.
OLD Code pages have the following disadvantages!
* Unicode is mandatory for SAP systems deploying JAVA applications.
* Many companies are adopting service oriented architecture standards providing
web services to enable global interoperability. these standards require Unicode.
Non Unicode : single language support
Unicode supports all multiple languages like english, chainaa, german,..etc.
Nonunicode :only supports two languages i.e english and german.
After NetWeaver and ECC 5.0 and etc. supports unicode kernel.
Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.
OLD Code pages have the following disadvantages!
- They cover only a subset of all characters.
- Different codepages have incompatibilities between each other.
- Data exchange is restricted between code pages. there are simply to many code pages.
- Unicode has the cabaility to support all the languages in the world in one code page!
- it support 65,000 characters and has room to support an additional 1 million characters.
* Unicode is mandatory for SAP systems deploying JAVA applications.
* Many companies are adopting service oriented architecture standards providing
web services to enable global interoperability. these standards require Unicode.
SAP Kernel Upgradation in Windows
Download the latest Kernel files.
Login to the Server
through OS level with SIDadm.
Make the copies of the
existing folders in the backup folder :-
Drive:\usr\sap\SID\SYS\exe
Stop the SAP Instance
& Services
SAPSID_00
SAPSID_01
SAPHostControl
SAPHostExec
Extract the SAR
Files
Go to command prompt
Go to as above path & Extract the files
c:\sapcar –xvf *.sar
Copy and paste the uncared
files to \usr\sap\SID\SYS\exe\uc\NTAMD64\ .
Select the option copy and
Replace if it prompts pop message as
“There
is already a file with same name in the location.”
Start the SAP services and Instances
Check the updated kernel from
Command Prompt by giving disp+work.
What is saproot.sh in SAP
What is saproot.sh?
saproot.sh is used to configure the ownership and permissions of some kernel files (BRTOOLS), including the SAPOSCOL. We have to execute the saproot.sh script after we have performed the kernel upgrade. The script need to be execute under root user and can be find under below location.
/usr/sapmnt/SID/exe
How to use
To execute the saproot.sh, just put the SAP system name (SID) and enter.
./saprootsh SID
saproot.sh is used to configure the ownership and permissions of some kernel files (BRTOOLS), including the SAPOSCOL. We have to execute the saproot.sh script after we have performed the kernel upgrade. The script need to be execute under root user and can be find under below location.
/usr/sapmnt/SID/exe
How to use
To execute the saproot.sh, just put the SAP system name (SID) and enter.
./saprootsh SID
SAP Kernel Upgrade in Linux unix system
The kernel upgrade activity on UNIX,
Linux environment.
Preparation:
First check current Kernel patch
release.
Step 1: Download the necessary kernel patch from sap.
Step 2: First create
a new directory and transfer
the kernel files
SAPEXE.SAR,SAPEXEDB.SAR with
SAPCAR,use winscp software.
Step 3: Take backup old kernel file to other
location.
Copy the old kernel.
cp
-pR /sapmnt/SID/exe/* /old kernel
Default kernel location : /sapmnt/SID/exe
Step 4: Login to the system as <SID>adm and
goto /new< kernel > directoryto uncar
the two
package.
SAPEXE.SAR,SAPEXEDB.SAR
Step 5: stop the SAP system.(stopsap R3)
Step 6: Login to the system as root user copy all extracted file into
/sapmnt/SID/exe
cp
-pR * /sapmnt/SID/exe/
step 7: After all files copied run the following command.(root user)
cd /sapmnt/SID/exe
./saproot.sh SID
SAP Transport Return Code Status
RC = 0, successfully imported.
RC = 4, imported ended with warning.
Common issue:
• Generation of programs and screens
• Columns missing and Rows missing.
Common issue:
• Generation of programs and screens
• Columns missing and Rows missing.
RC = 8, not imported ended with error
Common issue:
• Syntax error.
• Program generation error.
• Dictionary activation error.
• Method execution error.
Common issue:
• Syntax error.
• Program generation error.
• Dictionary activation error.
• Method execution error.
RC = 12, import is cancelled.
Common issue:
• Import is canceled due to object missing.
• Objects are not active.
• Program terminated due to job “RDDEXECL” is not working.
• Connection problem between system.
Common issue:
• Import is canceled due to object missing.
• Objects are not active.
• Program terminated due to job “RDDEXECL” is not working.
• Connection problem between system.
RC = 16, import is cancelled.
Common issue:
• Import cancelled due to system down while importing.
• Import cancelled due to user expires while importing
• Import cancelled due to insufficient roles.
Common issue:
• Import cancelled due to system down while importing.
• Import cancelled due to user expires while importing
• Import cancelled due to insufficient roles.
How to generate SAP Solman Key without having Solution manager
You might want to install SAP ECC 5 or SAP ECC 6 and been asking
SolmanKey. What if you don't have Solman Server ? Then how would you generate
solman key ? There are 2 ways (if you don't have Solman Server to generate
solman key) :
1. Ask your friend which have Solman Server to generate it. OR
2. Use this simple script (VB Script) to generate it.
' Solution Manager Key Generator '
Open Notepad and copy this Script and save it .vbs
'Save to SolManKeyGen.vbs and execute'
1. Ask your friend which have Solman Server to generate it. OR
2. Use this simple script (VB Script) to generate it.
' Solution Manager Key Generator '
Open Notepad and copy this Script and save it .vbs
'Save to SolManKeyGen.vbs and execute'
Dim SIDs, SNs, SERVs,
msg, ENDs, KEYs
msg="System ID (3 chr.)"
SIDs=InputBox(msg,"Solution Manager Key Generator")
msg="System Number (2 dig.)"
SNs=InputBox(msg,"Solution Manager Key Generator")
msg="Server Name (max. 15 chr.)"
SERVs=InputBox(msg,"Solution Manager Key Generator")
KEYs=SolManKeyGen(SIDs, SNs, SERVs)
msg="Solution Manager Key"
ENDs=InputBox(msg,"Solution Manager Key Generator",KEYs)
'-------------------------------------------------------
Function SolManKeyGen(SIDst, SNst, SERVst)
Dim SIDSNhex(5)
Dim SERVhex(15)
Dim reshex(5)
SIDSNstr = UCase(SIDst) + UCase(SNst)
SERVstr = UCase(SERVst)
For arrcnt = 1 To 5
SIDSNhex(arrcnt) = Asc(Mid(SIDSNstr, arrcnt, 1))
Next
For arrcnt = 1 To Len(SERVstr)
SERVhex(arrcnt) = Asc(Mid(SERVstr, arrcnt, 1))
Next
For arrcnt = Len(SERVstr) + 1 To 15
SERVhex(arrcnt) = 0
Next
If (Len(SERVstr) > 0) Then
If (Len(SERVstr) < 5) Then
For arrcnt = Len(SERVstr) + 1 To 5
SERVhex(arrcnt) = Asc(" ")
Next
End If
End If
If (Len(SERVstr) > 5) Then
If (Len(SERVstr) < 10) Then
For arrcnt = Len(SERVstr) + 1 To 10
SERVhex(arrcnt) = Asc(" ")
Next
End If
End If
If (Len(SERVstr) > 10) Then
If (Len(SERVstr) < 15) Then
For arrcnt = Len(SERVstr) + 1 To 15
SERVhex(arrcnt) = Asc(" ")
Next
End If
End If
For arrcnt = 1 To 5
reshex(arrcnt) = ((((0 Xor SIDSNhex(arrcnt)) Xor SERVhex(arrcnt)) Xor
SERVhex(arrcnt + 5)) Xor SERVhex(arrcnt + 10))
Next
reshex(1) = reshex(1) Xor 84 Xor 0
reshex(2) = reshex(2) Xor 131 Xor 11
reshex(3) = reshex(3) Xor 194 Xor 46
reshex(4) = reshex(4) Xor 52 Xor 105
reshex(5) = reshex(5) Xor 119 Xor 188
hexstr = "0123456789ABCDEF"
resstr = ""
For arrcnt = 1 To 5
hihex = reshex(arrcnt) \ 16
lohex = reshex(arrcnt) Mod 16
resstr = resstr + Mid(hexstr, hihex + 1, 1) + Mid(hexstr, lohex + 1, 1)
Next
SolManKeyGen = resstr
End Function
How to change the default SAP GUI client number
You need to change an instance profile parameter on the R/3 system.
Goto :TCODE RZ10,
Goto :TCODE RZ10,
login/system_client The default value is 000.
Which Client you want change client value like 300,800,000,.
How to increase Dialog work process time in SAP
Goto transaction code RZ11, enter the parameter name – rdisp/max_wprun_time and press enter. Once you get the below screen, click on Change Value and enter the desired time. Please not to set the value to 0 as it will make the running time unlimited.
No restart required as the parameter is dynamically switchable. For permanent change, please do it on transaction code RZ10. You can refer to SAP Note 25528.
No restart required as the parameter is dynamically switchable. For permanent change, please do it on transaction code RZ10. You can refer to SAP Note 25528.
How to Modify SAP Transport Number Range
You want to change the transport number range on the SAP System.
SAP stored the last transport request in the table E070L. You can find the information using transaction code SE16 or SE16N.
Due to non-modifiable function on transaction code SE16/SE16N, you may need to update the table from database level. Below example is on Oracle database. If let say, the latest transport number from table E070L is SIDK800111 and you wanted to change to SIDK000121.
ABAP
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BASIS
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SAP Beginners
How to generate SAP Solution Manager Key
To Generate Solution Manager Key Execute T-code SMSY in
Solution Manager system, you need to do the following steps:
1) Create a system by right clicking on System entry and select Create new system.
1) Create a system by right clicking on System entry and select Create new system.
2) Enter the System Name i.e., SID (3 chars)
3) Product = SAP ECC (select from the list)
4) Product Version= ECC 5.0 (select from the list)
5) Save the entries.
6) Select Menu Item "System--->Other Configuration" and enter the SID which you have created earlier.
7) Enter the Server Name(hostname)
8) Finally click on Generate "Installation/Upgrade Key Button "
The system generates a Key ,copy that Key and paste it in the SAPINST screen when it prompts for Sol man Key.
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SAP Security Audit Log
The Security Audit Log is a tool designed for auditors who
need to take a detailed look at what occurs in the SAP system. By activating
the audit log, you keep record of those activities you consider relevant for
auditing. This information is recorded on a daily basis in an audit file on
each application server. You can then access this information for evaluation in
the form of an audit analysis report. Statistical information can easily be
retrieved on transactions and reports.
The audit log’s main objective is to record:
·
Security-related
changes to the SAP System environment
(for example, changes to user master records)
(for example, changes to user master records)
·
Information that
provides a higher level of transparency
(for example, successful and unsuccessful logon attempts)
(for example, successful and unsuccessful logon attempts)
·
Information that
enables the reconstruction of a series of events
(for example, successful or unsuccessful transaction starts)
(for example, successful or unsuccessful transaction starts)
Specifically, you can record the following
information in the Security Audit Log:
- Successful
and unsuccessful dialog logon attempts
- Successful
and unsuccessful RFC logon attempts
- RFC
calls to function modules
- Successful
and unsuccessful transaction starts
- Successful
and unsuccessful report starts
- Changes
to user master records
- Changes
to the audit configuration
To Configure the audit log : SM19
To Analysis audit log : SM20
To Delete old log : SM18
Before you activate the audit log you have to setup several
parameters in RZ10
:
rsau/enable :
Set to 1 to activates audit logging
rsau/local/file : Name and location of the audit log
file
rsau/max_diskspace/local :
Max. space of the audit file. If maximum size is reached auditing stops.
rsau/selection_slots : Max. number of filters
rsau/max_diskspace/local : Max. space of the audit file. If
maximum size is reached auditingstops.
rsau/max_diskspace/per_file : minimum is 1MB & Maximum is 2 GB
rsau/max_diskspace/per_day : minimum
value should be 3*per_file & maximum 1024 GB.Socheck
these parameter.
How extract a SAR file in SAP
What is a SAR file ?
SAR files are delivered by SAP for releasing supportpackages of Kernel and other OS level binaries.
How to extract a SAR file in SAP
Navigate to the path where the SAR file is located and use following command
to extract a SAR file.
SAPCAR -xvf <filename.SAR>
How to Kill the Work Process in SAP SM50
Stopping Run-Away or “Bad” Work Processes
1. Log on to any client in the appropriate SAP system.
2. Go to transaction SM50.
3. On the Process Overview screen, find the process which must be stopped. Place a √ in the □ to the left of the process number to be stopped by pressing Space.
On the top-most menu bar,click the Process → Cancel without core.
4. Click the blue arrow circle picture-icon to refresh the Process
Overview screen until the stopped process has cleared from the
display.
5. You may now leave the SM50 transaction.
If this does not kill the process, you can go to transaction SM04 and kill the
user’s session. If this does not kill the process, you can log on to the server,
open a Task Manager session, and End the Process. If this does not kill the
session, there is an executable in the RUN directory on the server called
sapntkill.exe. Run it providing the process ID number. If none of the above work,
you have no choice but to “bounce” the SAP instance and/or possibly the serve.
DB2 Utility Commands
DB2 Utility Commands
List
the running utilities and their progress
db2
list utilities show detail
Throttle
a running utility.
First
find the Utility ID.
db2
list utilities show detail
Throttle
the utility to a value of 1 to 10. 10 being the most throttled.
db2
set UTIL_IMPACT_PRIORITY for <util_id> TO 5
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DB2
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DB2 Tuning Commands
DB2 Tuning Commands
Quickly
look at some basic tuning measurements
db2
"select db_name, rows_read, rows_selected, lock_waits,
lock_wait_time, deadlocks, lock_escals, total_sorts, total_sort_time
from table (snapshot_database (' ', -1) ) as snapshot_database"
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DB2
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DB2 Tablespace and Bufferpool Commands
DB2 Tablespace and Bufferpool Commands
View
the names, pagesize, and number of pages of the bufferpools in your
database
db2
"select bpname,pagesize,npages from syscat.bufferpools"
Make
a bufferpool resize automatically. You must have STMM turned on at
the database configuration level
db2
alter bufferpool bp1 size AUTOMATIC
Alter
a bufferpool size that is a fixed size
db2
ALTER BUFFERPOOL IBMDEFAULTBP SIZE 15000;
Add
space to a DMS tablespace
db2
"alter tablespace <tblspace> extend (all 8000)"
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DB2 Table and Index Commands
DB2 Table and Index Commands
Look
at columns and data types of a table
db2
describe table schema.tabelename
Look
at one column's data type.
db2
"describe select <colname> from schema.tablename"
Look
at indexes on a table
db2
describe indexes for table schema.tablename
Export
data to a file in ixf format
db2
export to tablename.ixf of ixf messages tablename.txt select * from
SCHEMA.TABNAME
Import
data from an ixf file
db2
import from filename.ixf of ixf messages tablename.txt insert into
SCHEMA.TABNAME
Import
using Load which is faster (doesn't check constraints) and
NONRECOVERABLE doesn't log anything
db2
load from filename.ixf of ixf insert into SCHEMA.TABNAME
nonrecoverable;
Build
a file to set integrity on all tables that are in set integrity
pending state
db2
"select 'set integrity for '||tabschema||'.'||tabname ||'
immediate checked;' from syscat.tables where type = 'T' and status =
'C'" > file.out
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DB2 Security Commands
DB2 Security Commands
Build
a script to grant user execute privilege on all packages.
db2
"select 'db2 grant execute on package
'||pkgschema||'.'||pkgname||' to user <user>;' from
syscat.packages where pkgschema = 'NULLID'" > output.file
Security
Notes
dbadm
auth must be revoked before any other database privlege
create_not_fenced_routine
must be revoked before create_external_routine
BASIS
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DB2
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SAP Beginners
DB2 Backup and Restore Commands
DB2 Backup and Restore Commands
Take
an OFFLINE backup
db2
connect to <dbname>
db2
quiesce database immediate force connections
db2
connect reset
db2
backup database <dbname> to <path> compress without
prompting
after
backup completes:
db2
connect to <dbname>
db2
unquiesce database
db2
connect reset
Take
an ONLINE Backup
db2
backup db <dbname> to <path> online compress
or
use a background process on a linux/unix machine
nohup
db2 backup db <dbname> to <path> online compress &
List
recent backups and where they are stored
db2
list history backup all for <dbname>
Check
the integrity of a backup image
db2ckbkp
<image name>
Restore
from Incremental Backup Automatic
db2
restore db <dbname> incremental automatic taken at <timestamp>
If
you need to restore an incremental backup manually this command will
give you the required previous backups.
db2ckrst
-d <dbname> -t <timestamp of image>
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